The concept of "altcoin" encompasses all cryptocurrencies except for Bitcoin. These "alternative coins" emerged on the market with the aim of improving or offering something new compared to Bitcoin, which laid the foundation for the use of blockchain technology in the financial world. There are many altcoins, each with its unique features and purpose.

Altcoins can be classified according to various criteria, including consensus mechanisms such as Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), stablecoins, which are pegged to the value of fiat currencies to reduce volatility, and decentralized finance (DeFi), offering tools for earning passive income.

One of the key differences between altcoins and Bitcoin is their attempt to eliminate some of its limitations. For example, Litecoin proposed a shorter block generation time to speed up transactions, while Ethereum introduced the concept of smart contracts, expanding the possibilities of blockchain use beyond simple payments.

Investing in altcoins can be a less costly way of diversifying a portfolio compared to Bitcoin and offers participation in the management of some projects. However, despite the potential for high returns, altcoins also carry high risks, including lower liquidity and the possibility of losing developer or community support.

Choosing an altcoin for investment requires careful study of the project, including its goals, development team, and technological base. It is also important to consider regulatory risks, which may change as the cryptocurrency market develops.

In conclusion, altcoins offer exciting opportunities for investors looking for alternatives to Bitcoin, but it is important to approach investing with caution, considering the potential risks and volatility of the cryptocurrency market.